Ongoing discussion for students in Chemistry III
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Monday, September 26, 2011
Carbon Dioxide aka Dry Ice
The use of dry ice in cooking is becoming more widespread as shows like Top Chef and Marcel's Quantum Kitchen draw attention to chefs who prepare food in ever more effective ways, which ultimately produce some incredibly delicious products. Given that contact with dry ice can have dangerous effects upon humans, what are your thoughts on the use of such dangerous chemicals in food preparation?
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Dry Ice is solid carbon dioxide, which when it drops increases in temperature, it skips the liquid stage and immediately becomes a gas. Dry Ice is useful because it has a lower freezing point than water, but it is dangerous. It can cause instantaneous frostbite when coming in contact with skin and can cause suffocation during sublimation because of the displacement of oxygen. Its freezing point has been the reason for its recent popularity in cooking. Since it is frozen carbon dioxide, one of the more popular usages has been in creating things such as carbonated, chilled, martinis which involve the crushing and blending of a martini with powdered dry ice. Another common use has been in creating instant ice cream. For as the ingredients for ice creams are mixed together, and dry ice is added, it will freeze right before you. Although both additions of dry ice, to these recipes is unique and very interesting, the addition of carbon dioxide to such recipes has been considered dangerous and there are some whom are afraid of such additions. I think that with a professional chef, whom knows of the protocol in dealing with dry ice, it is ok for such foods to be consumed but such recipes should not be made by those unpracticed in creating food with dry ice. If someone knows what they are doing, and has practiced, in making food for human consumption with dry ice then I think it to be a wonderful way of making something unconventional.
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When it melts it does not become a liquid, but skips a phase and turns into gas. People like using dry ice because the freezing point is so low that it keeps items extremely cold; dry ice acts as a preserver. For this reason, dry ice is often an ingredient in ice cream. Another use is for beverages. The dry ice carbonates the drink, freezes the drink, and entertains people. For example, witches brew made with fruit juices and dry ice. This drink uses dry ice for entertainment purposes: “add 2-3 pounds of Penguin Brand Dry Ice to create scary bubbles and fog.”- http://www.airgas.com/content/details.aspx?id=7000000000103. Another reason why using dry is so popular in the kitchen is because it “flash freezes” things.
I do not believe dry ice should be used in our foods. Although carbon dioxide is always in the air (may seem safe), when it melts in a small space with poor ventilation people could suffocate and die. This is because a displacement reaction will occur (carbon dioxide displacing oxygen). Dry Ice also causes headaches, vomiting, wheezing, and nausea when overexposed. Dry ice is so cold (-69.5˚F- -109.3˚F) that if one touches it, for even a short amount of time, there will be damage to the skin---for significant amount of time there will be frostbite. If people can’t touch dry ice, then it’s definitely not good for it to be in our body. If we’re going to make food with it then we will have dry ice in our body. It's not worth the entertainment purposes and few benefits of cooking with dry ice. It's better to be safe than sorry.
When carbon dioxide is frozen, it is known as dry ice. It is dry because instead of going from a liquid to a solid, it sublimes and goes from a gas to a solid. Dry ice can be used for cleaning, cooling, preservation, and producing fog. It's temperature can be 109.3 degrees below 0 Fahrenheit. It is increasingly being know for its uses in cooking. In cooking it can be used in cocktails to make them "smoke" by adding powdered dry ice to the mix. It is used in frozen soup, allowing it to hold a special shape, as well as ice cream. When dry ice is added to ice cream ingredients, it freezes amazingly fast. The problem with using dry ice for cooking is the health risks it poses. Touching dry ice can cause frost bite and burns. Breathing in too many fumes from the dry ice can result in suffocation. Keeping it in airtight places or containers will cause it to explode. Cooking with dry ice is like cooking with poisonous fish, it should not be done by an amateur and without care. So many precautions should be taken when cooking with it, it hardly seems necessary. It doesn't produce something new, only adds to an already existing dish, so it's not something that has to be done. If used sparingly and by a professional chef who knows what he/she is doing, then the results can be great. There are so many things that could go wrong it barely seems worthwhile.
Dry Ice has been used many years for purposes such as blast cleaning and food preservation. But only in the past decade has it become a known tool for cooking. Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide, and is at a temperature of -109.3 °F or -79.5°C. In cooking, dry ice is used for various purposes; it could be used to make ice cream or even to lightly sear seafood. When making ice cream dry ice can be mixed directly into the ice cream mixture. Due to its direct change from solid to gas the dry ice will not melt into the other ingredients. When our class made ice cream using the salt and ice, we created an exothermic reaction just like when dry ice is being used to make ice cream. In our experiment the salt lowered the freezing temperature below 32°F and 0°C so that the transfer of heat from the ice cream mixture to the ice mixture was sufficient to freeze the cream. However in that case we had to keep the ingredients separate because the ice melts and would dilute the ice cream. Liquid Nitrogen can similarly and perhaps more successfully be used to make ice cream, using sublimation. Like dry ice, the liquid nitrogen can be added to the solution without diluting it. Even though dry ice has some promise in the culinary world, there are many risks that come along with using it. The risks that come with dry ice are immediate frost bite, burns, and the buildup of pure carbon dioxide if it is stored. Carbon dioxide is released into the food; however this is not a problem seeing as we consume CO2 on a daily basis in our sodas and other carbonated drinks. There could be advantages to using dry ice or liquid nitrogen in creating an ice cream that would be dairy free. Nathan Myhrvold a former chief technology officer at Microsoft has developed a recipe for an instant pistachio ice cream made purely from pistachio oil using liquid nitrogen. I believe that these experimental tools have a lot of potential to make cooking healthier using less saturated fats.
Dry ice is carbon dioxide in a solid form. Carbon dioxide is normally found in Earth’s atmosphere as a gas. Dry ice is colorless, odorless and is normally used as a cooling agent due to its extremely low temperature (especially compared to normal water ice.) However, it is important to be cautious around dry ice because it can be very dangerous. As dry ice melts, it goes directly from solid form to gaseous form, filling the air with carbon dioxide, also known as sublimation. If it melts in a room that isn’t well ventilated, a person in that room could suffocate or even become unconscious due to the amount of carbon dioxide in the room. Also, if dry ice were to come into contact with someone’s skin, it could cause for the skin to burn and develop frostbite. However, dry ice can also be very effective if used with care and experience. At -56.4 degrees Celsius, the carbon dioxide will be frozen, unlike water’s freezing point; 0 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the dry ice can act as a preservative, keeping foods cool. However, the use of dry ice within foods can be quite dangerous. One example of using dry ice to make foods however is ice cream, where the ingredients can be frozen at a much faster and more efficient rate. The reason that dry ice shouldn’t be in foods is because too much carbon dioxide intake can be lethal. Even though carbon dioxide is in our atmosphere, it only makes up 0.039% of the atmosphere’s concentration. Therefore, dry ice should only be used as a preservative, or be used to cool things down without actually coming into contact with the ingredients.
The way we think about food and cooking has vastly evolved over the years. It is no longer just about nourishment, it is also about the art of it; presentation and creating something unexpected. Recently, more adventurous chefs have begun using dry ice in their cooking. Dry ice is carbon dioxide in solid form. Its extremely cold temperature (-109.3 Fahrenheit) makes it useful for a number of reasons. It can be used flash-freeze things, instantly carbonate a beverage, keep things cold without the use of an appliance, and to create fog. More specifically, chefs have been using dry ice to flash-freeze foods like ice cream, and create visually stimulating dishes. An example of this is soup. Some chefs have been using dry ice to flash-freeze soup so that they can sculpt it in to interesting shapes. Although dry ice may seem like a super fun and easy way to make a cooking and dining experience more interesting, it also carries some risks. If skin is exposed to dry ice, a person can suffer severe burns. When dry ice sublimates, it turns into carbon dioxide gas. If this were inhaled in large quantities, a person could become unconscious or even die.
Because cooking has become more of an art, I see nothing wrong if a chef wants to use dry ice to reach culinary feats. So long as this said chef is experienced and careful and the space is monitored, using dry ice is safe. But, because dry ice is very dangerous, I would not agree if a person were to use it in his or her own home. When people cook at home, sometimes children or pets are involved and things can fall and get spilled. So, I my opinion the health risks are too high for a person to be attempting to reach such culinary feats in their own home.
When people think about dry ice they mostly think about fog and smoke machines. Few people know that dry ice can also be used to cook food. A catering company in Vancouver has taken the initiative to cook using dry ice. The chef in Vancouver uses the extremely cold temperature of dry ice (-109.3 F) to cook seafood. Fish can be seared on dry ice because of the cold temperature. This unique method of cooking also has many health risks. For one when dry ice heats up it releases carbon dioxide, which can cause death. It is also dangerous to touch dry ice because it can burn your skin. The chemicals in dry ice can also be absorbed by the food. If your body consumes too much of these chemicals it can cause drowsiness or dizziness. I find it interesting that people are using dry ice for cooking, but I don’t think it is completely necessary. There are multiple risks and it seems pointless when we have safer resources available.
The same substance that is used to create fog at concerts is now being used in the preparation of many food dishes. This substance is called dry ice, scientifically known as the solid form of carbon dioxide. Dry ice, when solid, is very, very cold with a temperature of -109.3°F, but at temperatures below -69.5°F the dry ice transforms into a gas- skipping the liquid stage. This process of transformation is known as sublimation. The gas that is formed from dry ice is carbon dioxide, which is also the gas that humans exhale and can be poisonous if inhaled. This poisonous gas can cause death because it displaces the oxygen that humans need to inhale. In this scenario, a person who is confined to carbon dioxide gas will suffocate because they have no oxygen to inhale.
This is why I find it particularly interesting that dry ice, as poisonous, as it is can be used to prepare food. I can understand this substance being used as a cooling agent for icee’s and ice creams but not as an agent to cook food.
Dry ice is carbon dioxide in the form of a solid which is solid at -109.3*F. What’s special about dry ice and what makes it “dry” is that when it melts, it becomes Carbon Dioxide gas, and it never enters the liquid stage. Dry ice is useful because it is easy to handle using insulated gloves and because it sublimes from a solid into a gas, leaving behind no mess. The reason that we handle dry ice with insulated gloves is because if you hold dry ice for an extended period of time, it can result in frostbite. One of the main issues with dry ice is that it emits carbon dioxide gas once it sublimes which can be toxic if too much is inhaled. Dry ice in reality won’t cook anything but is used in cooking for an aesthetic effect. In cooking it is also used to freeze ice cream and to put gas into sodas. For example, it can freeze liquids, sauces, syrups, creams and many other foods “cooked” when frozen by dry ice. It is not dangerous to put dry ice into foods if the ice is food grade. Food grade means that the carbon dioxide used to make the dry ice is the same quality as the dry ice used for soda fountains and the dry ice used for transport. Dry ice is perfectly safe to use is it is not consumed in large quantities, if it is not put into a air tight container (it will explode), if not in a well ventilated area, and if the skin is protected. In the end, dry ice is only dangerous is not handled properties. If a chef realizes the dangers in using dry ice and the precautions he much take to keep himself and the people who are eating the food safe, dry ice is nothing but a creative tool that can be used to do some pretty cool things in the kitchen.
Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide. It is colorless, odorless, non flammable, and slightly acidic. Dry ice sublimates at -69.5 degrees Fahrenheit changing from a solid directly to a gas. It leaves no residue as it changes its state and is colder than water ice, which makes it an effective coolant. Although this is greatly advantageous it is also dangerous because it is such a low temperature. Frostbite can occur if dry ice comes in direct contact with skin as well as suffocation in confined areas. When it comes to cooking, many people are concerned that it is too dangerous to be around food. I would disagree because the results out weigh the risks. Using dry ice in cooking is no more dangerous than other techniques such as using an oven and even a knife. As long as safety precautions are taken there is no problem with using dry ice while cooking.
Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide. It is called dry ice, because instead of transitioning from liquid to solid, it sublimes, and instead, transitions from gas to solid. It is very dangerous to use dry ice, as it can cause instantaneous frostbite upon contact with the skin, and it can also cause suffocation while it sublimes, as the oxygen is being displaced. It is primarily used as a cooling agent, and because of this, it has become recently popular in cooking due to its freezing point, which is lower than water. It has been used to flash freeze food, such as soup, make martinis, carbonate beverages, such as sodas, and create instantaneous ice cream. I think that the use of dry ice to freeze and make food is an interesting and innovative idea of combining not only science with cooking, but the new technology and knowledge we have at our disposal. The only difficulty with using dry ice is that it can be an extremely dangerous substance to use, and must thus be treated with caution and only be handled by professionals.
Dry ice and liquid nitrogen are not the only chemicals used for cooking that can be dangerous. Before it even comes to the chef’s decision of how his/her meals will be prepared, the ingredients and produce often have been grown with all sorts of chemicals and pesticides that are not only detrimental to the people eating them but the environment too. Restaurants flaunt that they are using elaborate methods such as molecular gastronomy and using chemicals such as dry ice to improve their name, ranking, and prices. However, most would omit the fact that the food has encountered many more dangerous chemicals on its way to the restaurant. According to the EPA, “The health effects of pesticides depend on the type of pesticide. Some, such as the organophosphates and carbamates, affect the nervous system. Others may irritate the skin or eyes. Some pesticides may be carcinogens.” The affects of these are easier to oversee than the risk of a burn from dry ice. As long as people are careful when buying and using liquid nitrogen and dry ice, they will not be a victim of these risks. However, harmful pesticides are not always a necessity in farming even though they make the growing process easier.
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